Physiology Syllabus, Notes & PYQ for GGSIPU Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Phase 1

Universities GGSIPU Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryPhase 1Physiology

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

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Physiology

PY1.1 — Describe the structure and functions of a mammalian cell

PY1.2 — Describe and discuss the principles of homeostasis

PY1.3 — Describe intercellular communication

PY1.4 — Describe apoptosis – programmed cell death

PY1.5 — Describe and discuss transport mechanisms across cell membranes

PY1.6 — Describe the fluid compartments of the body, its ionic composition & measurements

PY1.7 — Describe the concept of pH & Buffer systems in the body

PY1.8 — Describe and discuss the molecular basis of resting membrane potential and action potential in excitable tissue

PY1.9 — Demonstrate the ability to describe and discuss the methods used to demonstrate the functions of the cells and its products, its communications and their applications in Clinical care and research.

PY2.1 — Describe the composition and functions of blood components

PY2.2 — Discuss the origin, forms, variations and functions of plasma proteins

PY2.3 — Describe and discuss the synthesis and functions of Haemoglobin and explain its breakdown. Describe variants of haemoglobin

PY2.4 — Describe RBC formation (erythropoiesis & its regulation) and its functions

PY2.5 — Describe different types of anaemias & Jaundice

PY2.6 — Describe WBC formation (granulopoiesis) and its regulation

PY2.7 — Describe the formation of platelets, functions and variations.

PY2.8 — Describe the physiological basis of hemostasis and, anticoagulants. Describe bleeding & clotting disorders (Hemophilia, purpura)

PY2.9 — Describe different blood groups and discuss the clinical importance of blood grouping, blood banking and transfusion

PY2.10 — Define and classify different types of immunity. Describe the development of immunity and its regulation

PY2.11 — Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT

PY2.12 — Describe test for ESR, Osmotic fragility, Hematocrit. Note the findings and interpret the test results etc

PY2.13 — Describe steps for reticulocyte and platelet count

PY3.1 — Describe the structure and functions of a neuron and neuroglia; Discuss Nerve Growth Factor & other growth factors/cytokines

PY3.2 — Describe the types, functions & properties of nerve fibers

PY3.3 — Describe the degeneration and regeneration in peripheral nerves

PY3.4 — Describe the structure of neuro-muscular junction and transmission of impulses

PY3.5 — Discuss the action of neuro-muscular blocking agents

PY3.6 — Describe the pathophysiology of Myasthenia gravis

PY3.7 — Describe the different types of muscle fibres and their structure

PY3.8 — Describe action potential and its properties in different muscle types (skeletal & smooth)

PY3.9 — Describe the molecular basis of muscle contraction in skeletal and in smooth muscles

PY3.10 — Describe the mode of muscle contraction (isometric and isotonic)

PY3.11 — Explain energy source and muscle metabolism

PY3.12 — Explain the gradation of muscular activity

PY3.13 — Describe muscular dystrophy: myopathies

PY3.14 — Perform Ergography

PY3.15 — Demonstrate effect of mild, moderate and severe exercise and record changes in cardiorespiratory parameters

PY3.16 — Demonstrate Harvard Step test and describe the impact on induced physiologic parameters in a simulated environment

PY3.17 — Describe Strength-duration curve

PY3.18 — Observe with Computer assisted learning (i) amphibian nerve - muscle experiments (ii) amphibian cardiac experiments

PY4.1 — Describe the structure and functions of digestive system

PY4.2 — Describe the composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of saliva, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal juices and bile secretion

PY4.3 — Describe GIT movements, regulation and functions. Describe defecation reflex. Explain role of dietary fibre.

PY4.4 — Describe the physiology of digestion and absorption of nutrients

PY4.5 — Describe the source of GIT hormones, their regulation and functions

PY4.6 — Describe the Gut-Brain Axis

PY4.7 — Describe & discuss the structure and functions of liver and gall bladder

PY4.8 — Describe & discuss gastric function tests, pancreatic exocrine function tests & liver function tests

PY4.9 — Discuss the physiology aspects of: peptic ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, Adynamic ileus, Hirschsprung's disease

PY4.10 — Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the abdomen in a normal volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.1 — Describe the functional anatomy of heart including chambers, sounds; and Pacemaker tissue and conducting system.

PY5.2 — Describe the properties of cardiac muscle including its morphology, electrical, mechanical and metabolic functions

PY5.3 — Discuss the events occurring during the cardiac cycle

PY5.4 — Describe generation, conduction of cardiac impulse

PY5.5 — Describe the physiology of electrocardiogram (E.C.G), its applications and the cardiac axis

PY5.6 — Describe abnormal ECG, arrythmias, heart block and myocardial Infarction

PY5.7 — Describe and discuss haemodynamics of circulatory system

PY5.8 — Describe and discuss local and systemic cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms

PY5.9 — Describe the factors affecting heart rate, regulation of cardiac output & blood pressure

PY5.10 — Describe & discuss regional circulation including microcirculation, lymphatic circulation, coronary, cerebral, capillary, skin, foetal, pulmonary and splanchnic circulation

PY5.11 — Describe the patho-physiology of shock, syncope and heart failure

PY5.12 — Record blood pressure & pulse at rest and in different grades of exercise and postures in a volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.13 — Record and interpret normal ECG in a volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.14 — Observe cardiovascular autonomic function tests in a volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.15 — Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the cardiovascular system in a normal volunteer or simulated environment

PY5.16 — Record Arterial pulse tracing using finger plethysmography in a volunteer or simulated environment

PY6.1 — Describe the functional anatomy of respiratory tract

PY6.2 — Describe the mechanics of normal respiration, pressure changes during ventilation, lung volume and capacities, alveolar surface tension, compliance, airway resistance, ventilation, V/P ratio, diffusion capacity of lungs

PY6.3 — Describe and discuss the transport of respiratory gases: Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

PY6.4 — Describe and discuss the physiology of high altitude and deep sea diving

PY6.5 — Describe and discuss the principles of artificial respiration, oxygen therapy, acclimatization and decompression sickness.

PY6.6 — Describe and discuss the pathophysiology of dyspnoea, hypoxia, cyanosis asphyxia; drowning, periodic breathing

PY6.7 — Describe and discuss lung function tests & their clinical significance

PY6.8 — Demonstrate the correct technique to perform & interpret Spirometry

PY6.9 — Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the respiratory system in a normal volunteer or simulated environment

PY6.10 — Demonstrate the correct technique to perform measurement of peak expiratory flow rate in a normal volunteer or simulated environment

PY7.1 — Describe structure and function of kidney

PY7.2 — Describe the structure and functions of juxta glomerular apparatus and role of renin-angiotensin system

PY7.3 — Describe the mechanism of urine formation involving processes of filtration, tubular reabsorption & secretion; concentration and diluting mechanism

PY7.4 — Describe & discuss the significance & implication of Renal clearance

PY7.5 — Describe the renal regulation of fluid and electrolytes & acid-base balance

PY7.6 — Describe the innervations of urinary bladder, physiology of micturition and its abnormalities

PY7.7 — Describe artificial kidney, dialysis and renal transplantation

PY7.8 — Describe & discuss Renal Function Tests

PY7.9 — Describe cystometry and discuss the normal cystometrogram

PY8.1 — Describe the physiology of bone and calcium metabolism

PY8.2 — Describe the synthesis, secretion, transport, physiological actions, regulation and effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas and hypothalamus

PY8.3 — Describe the physiology of Thymus & Pineal Gland

PY8.4 — Describe function tests: Thyroid gland; Adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla and pancreas

PY8.5 — Describe the metabolic and endocrine consequences of obesity & metabolic syndrome, Stress response. Outline the psychiatry component pertaining to metabolic syndrome.

PY8.6 — Describe & differentiate the mechanism of action of steroid, protein and amine hormones

PY9.1 — Describe and discuss sex determination; sex differentiation and their abnormities and outline psychiatry and practical implication of sex determination.

PY9.2 — Describe and discuss puberty: onset, progression, stages; early and delayed puberty and outline adolescent clinical and psychological association.

PY9.3 — Describe male reproductive system: functions of testis and control of spermatogenesis & factors modifying it and outline its association with psychiatric illness

PY9.4 — Describe female reproductive system: (a) functions of ovary and its control; (b) menstrual cycle - hormonal, uterine and ovarian changes

PY9.5 — Describe and discuss the physiological effects of sex hormones

PY9.6 — Enumerate the contraceptive methods for male and female. Discuss their advantages & disadvantages

PY9.7 — Describe and discuss the effects of removal of gonads on physiological functions

PY9.8 — Describe and discuss the physiology of pregnancy, parturition & lactation and outline the psychology and psychiatry-disorders associated with it.

PY9.9 — Interpret a normal semen analysis report including (a) sperm count, (b) sperm morphology and (c) sperm motility, as per WHO guidelines and discuss the results

PY9.10 — Discuss the physiological basis of various pregnancy tests

PY9.11 — Discuss the hormonal changes and their effects during perimenopause and menopause

PY9.12 — Discuss the common causes of infertility in a couple and role of IVF in managing a case of infertility.

PY10.1 — Describe and discuss the organization of nervous system

PY10.2 — Describe and discuss the functions and properties of synapse, reflex, receptors

PY10.3 — Describe and discuss somatic sensations & sensory tracts

PY10.4 — Describe and discuss motor tracts, mechanism of maintenance of tone, control of body movements, posture and equilibrium & vestibular apparatus

PY10.5 — Describe and discuss structure and functions of reticular activating system, autonomic nervous system (ANS)

PY10.6 — Describe and discuss Spinal cord, its functions, lesion & sensory disturbances

PY10.7 — Describe and discuss functions of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and limbic system and their abnormalities

PY10.8 — Describe and discuss behavioural and EEG characteristics during sleep and mechanism responsible for its production

PY10.9 — Describe and discuss the physiological basis of memory, learning and speech

PY10.10 — Describe and discuss chemical transmission in the nervous system. (Outline the psychiatry element).

PY10.11 — Demonstrate the correct clinical examination of the nervous system: Higher functions, sensory system, motor system, reflexes, cranial nerves in a normal volunteer or simulated environment

PY10.12 — Identify normal EEG forms

PY10.13 — Describe and discuss perception of smell and taste sensation

PY10.14 — Describe and discuss patho-physiology of altered smell and taste sensation

PY10.15 — Describe and discuss functional anatomy of ear and auditory pathways & physiology of hearing

PY10.16 — Describe and discuss pathophysiology of deafness. Describe hearing tests

PY10.17 — Describe and discuss functional anatomy of eye, physiology of image formation, physiology of vision including colour vision, refractive errors, colour blindness, physiology of pupil and light reflex

PY10.18 — Describe and discuss the physiological basis of lesion in visual pathway

PY10.19 — Describe and discuss auditory & visual evoke potentials

PY10.20 — Demonstrate (i) Testing of visual acuity, colour and field of vision and (ii) hearing (iii) Testing for smell and (iv) taste sensation in volunteer/ simulated environment

PY11.1 — Describe and discuss mechanism of temperature regulation

PY11.2 — Describe and discuss adaptation to altered temperature (heat and cold)

PY11.3 — Describe and discuss mechanism of fever, cold injuries and heat stroke

PY11.4 — Describe and discuss cardio-respiratory and metabolic adjustments during exercise; physical training effects

PY11.5 — Describe and discuss physiological consequences of sedentary lifestyle

PY11.6 — Describe physiology of Infancy

PY11.7 — Describe and discuss physiology of aging; free radicals and antioxidants

PY11.8 — Discuss & compare cardio-respiratory changes in exercise (isometric and isotonic) with that in the resting state and under different environmental conditions (heat and cold)

PY11.9 — Interpret growth charts

PY11.10 — Interpret anthropometric assessment of infants

PY11.11 — Discuss the concept, criteria for diagnosis of Brain death and its implications

PY11.12 — Discuss the physiological effects of meditation

PY11.13 — Obtain history and perform general examination in the volunteer / simulated environment

PY11.14 — Demonstrate Basic Life Support in a simulated environment