Pathology Syllabus, Notes & PYQ for GGSIPU Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Phase 2

Universities GGSIPU Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryPhase 2Pathology

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

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Pathology

PA1.1 — Describe the role of a pathologist in diagnosis and management of disease

PA1.2 — Enumerate common definitions and terms used in Pathology

PA1.3 — Describe the history and evolution of Pathology

PA2.1 — Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, mechanisms, types and effects of cell injury and their clinical significance

PA2.2 — Describe the etiology of cell injury. Distinguish between reversible-irreversible injury: mechanisms; morphology of cell injury

PA2.3 — Intracellular accumulation of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, pigments

PA2.4 — Describe and discuss Cell death- types, mechanisms, necrosis, apoptosis (basic as contrasted with necrosis), autolysis

PA2.5 — Describe and discuss pathologic calcifications, gangrene

PA2.6 — Describe and discuss cellular adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia

PA2.7 — Describe and discuss the mechanisms of cellular aging and apoptosis

PA2.8 — Identify and describe various forms of cell injuries, their manifestations and consequences in gross and microscopic specimens

PA3.1 — Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of amyloidosis

PA3.2 — Identify and describe amyloidosis in a pathology specimen

PA4.1 — Define and describe the general features of acute and chronic inflammation including stimuli, vascular and cellular events

PA4.2 — Enumerate and describe the mediators of acute inflammation

PA4.3 — Define and describe chronic inflammation including causes, types, non-specific and granulomatous; and enumerate examples of each

PA4.4 — Identify and describe acute and chronic inflammation in gross and microscopic specimens

PA5.1 — Define and describe the process of repair and regeneration including wound healing and its types

PA6.1 — Define and describe edema, its types, pathogenesis and clinical correlations

PA6.2 — Define and describe hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage

PA6.3 — Define and describe shock, its pathogenesis and its stages

PA6.4 — Define and describe normal haemostasis and the etiopathogenesis and consequences of thrombosis

PA6.5 — Define and describe embolism and its causes and common types

PA6.6 — Define and describe Ischaemia/infarction its types, etiology, morphologic changes and clinical effects

PA6.7 — Identify and describe the gross and microscopic features of infarction in a pathologic specimen

PA7.1 — Define and classify neoplasia. Describe the characteristics of neoplasia including gross, microscopy, biologic, behaviour and spread. Differentiate between benign from malignant neoplasms

PA7.2 — Describe the molecular basis of cancer

PA7.3 — Enumerate carcinogens and describe the process of carcinogenesis

PA7.4 — Describe the effects of tumor on the host including paraneoplastic syndrome

PA7.5 — Describe immunology and the immune response to cancer

PA8.1 — Describe the diagnostic role of cytology and its application in clinical care

PA8.2 — Describe the basis of exfoliative cytology including the technique & stains used

PA8.3 — Observe a diagnostic cytology and its staining and interpret the specimen

PA9.1 — Describe the principles and mechanisms involved in immunity

PA9.2 — Describe the mechanism of hypersensitivity reactions

PA9.3 — Describe the HLA system and the immune principles involved in transplant and mechanism of transplant rejection

PA9.4 — Define autoimmunity. Enumerate autoimmune disorders

PA9.5 — Define and describe the pathogenesis of systemic Lupus Erythematosus

PA9.6 — Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of HIV and AIDS

PA9.7 — Define and describe the pathogenesis of other common autoimmune diseases

PA10.1 — Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of malaria

PA10.2 — Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of cysticercosis

PA10.3 — Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of leprosy

PA10.4 — Define and describe the pathogenesis and pathology of common bacterial, viral, protozoal and helminthic diseases

PA11.1 — Describe the pathogenesis and features of common cytogenetic abnormalities and mutations in childhood

PA11.2 — Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of tumor and tumour-like conditions in infancy and childhood

PA11.3 — Describe the pathogenesis of common storage disorders in infancy and childhood

PA12.1 — Enumerate and describe the pathogenesis of disorders caused by air pollution, tobacco and alcohol

PA12.2 — Describe the pathogenesis of disorders caused by protein calorie malnutrition and starvation

PA12.3 — Describe the pathogenesis of obesity and its consequences

PA13.1 — Describe hematopoiesis and extramedullary hematopoiesis

PA13.2 — Describe the role of anticoagulants in hematology

PA13.3 — Define and classify anemia

PA13.4 — Enumerate and describe the investigation of anemia

PA13.5 — Perform, Identify and describe the peripheral blood picture in anemia

PA14.1 — Describe iron metabolism

PA14.2 — Describe the etiology, investigations and differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia

PA14.3 — Identify and describe the peripheral smear in microcytic anemia

PA15.1 — Describe the metabolism of Vitamin B12 and the etiology and pathogenesis of B12 deficiency

PA15.2 — Describe laboratory investigations of macrocytic anemia

PA15.3 — Identify and describe the peripheral blood picture of macrocytic anemia

PA15.4 — Enumerate the differences and describe the etiology and distinguishing features of megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

PA16.1 — Define and classify hemolytic anemia

PA16.2 — Describe the pathogenesis and clinical features and hematologic indices of hemolytic anemia

PA16.3 — Describe the pathogenesis, features, hematologic indices and peripheral blood picture of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

PA16.4 — Describe the etiology pathogenesis, hematologic indices and peripheral blood picture of Acquired hemolytic anemia

PA16.5 — Describe the peripheral blood picture in different hemolytic anaemias

PA16.6 — Prepare a peripheral blood smear and identify hemolytic anaemia from it

PA16.7 — Describe the correct technique to perform a cross match

PA17.1 — Enumerate the etiology, pathogenesis and findings in aplastic anemia

PA17.2 — Enumerate the indications and describe the findings in bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

PA18.1 — Enumerate and describe the causes of leucocytosis leucopenia lymphocytosis and leukemoid reactions

PA18.2 — Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis classification, features, hematologic features of acute and chronic leukemia

PA19.1 — Enumerate the causes and describe the differentiating features of lymphadenopathy

PA19.2 — Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of tuberculous lymphadenitis

PA19.3 — Identify and describe the features of tuberculous lymphadenitis in a gross and microscopic specimen

PA19.4 — Describe and discuss the pathogenesis, pathology and the differentiating features of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

PA19.5 — Identify and describe the features of Hodgkin's lymphoma in a gross and microscopic specimen

PA19.6 — Enumerate and differentiate the causes of splenomegaly

PA19.7 — Identify and describe the gross specimen of an enlarged spleen

PA20.1 — Describe the features of plasma cell myeloma

PA21.1 — Describe normal hemostasis

PA21.2 — Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis and pathology of vascular and platelet disorders including ITP and haemophilias

PA21.3 — Differentiate platelet from clotting disorders based on the clinical and hematologic features

PA21.4 — Define and describe disseminated intravascular coagulation, its laboratory findings and diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation

PA21.5 — Define and describe the laboratory findings and diagnosis of Vitamin K deficiency

PA22.1 — Classify and describe blood group systems (ABO and RH)

PA22.2 — Enumerate the indications, describe the principles, enumerate and demonstrate the steps of compatibility testing

PA22.4 — Enumerate blood components and describe their clinical uses

PA22.5 — Enumerate and describe infections transmitted by blood transfusion

PA22.6 — Describe transfusion reactions and enumerate the steps in the investigation of a transfusion reaction

PA22.7 — Enumerate the indications and describe the principles and procedure of autologous transfusion

PA23.1 — Describe abnormal urinary findings in disease states and identify and describe common urinary abnormalities in a clinical specimen

PA23.2 — Describe abnormal findings in body fluids in various disease states

PA23.3 — Describe and interpret the abnormalities in a panel containing semen analysis, thyroid function tests, renal function tests or liver function tests

PA24.1 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and clinical features of oral cancers

PA24.2 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, microbiology, clinical and microscopic features of peptic ulcer disease

PA24.3 — Describe and identify the microscopic features of peptic ulcer

PA24.4 — Describe the etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic features of carcinoma of the stomach

PA24.5 — Describe the etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic features of Tuberculosis of the intestine

PA24.6 — Describe the etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic and distinguishing features of Inflammatory bowel disease

PA24.7 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and distinguishing features of carcinoma of the colon

PA25.1 — Describe bilirubin metabolism, enumerate the etiology and pathogenesis of jaundice, distinguish between direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia

PA25.2 — Describe the pathophysiology and pathologic changes seen in hepatic failure and their clinical manifestations, complications and consequences

PA25.3 — Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of viral and toxic hepatitis: distinguish the causes of hepatitis based on the clinical and laboratory features. Describe the pathology, complications and consequences of hepatitis

PA25.4 — Describe the pathophysiology, pathology and progression of alcoholic liver disease including cirrhosis

PA25.5 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and complications of portal hypertension

PA25.6 — Interpret liver function and viral hepatitis serology panel. Distinguish obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice based on clinical features and liver function tests

PA26.1 — Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology and complications of pneumonia

PA26.2 — Describe the etiology, gross and microscopic appearance and complications of lung abscess

PA26.3 — Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology and complications and evaluation of Obstructive airway disease (OAD) and bronchiectasis

PA26.4 — Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology microscopic appearance and complications of tuberculosis

PA26.5 — Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, environmental influence, pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic appearance and complications of Occupational lung disease

PA26.6 — Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, genetics environmental influence, pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic appearance, metastases and complications of tumors of the lung and pleura

PA26.7 — Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, genetics environmental influence, pathogenesis, morphology, microscopic appearance and complications of mesothelioma

PA27.1 — Distinguish arteriosclerosis from atherosclerosis. Describe the pathogenesis and pathology of various causes and types of arteriosclerosis

PA27.2 — Describe the etiology, dynamics, pathology types and complications of aneurysms including aortic aneurysms

PA27.3 — Describe the etiology, types, stages pathophysiology, pathology and complications of heart failure

PA27.4 — Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, criteria and complications of rheumatic fever

PA27.5 — Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, presentations, gross and microscopic features, diagnostic tests and complications of ischemic heart disease

PA27.6 — Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of infective endocarditis

PA27.7 — Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of pericarditis and pericardial effusion

PA27.8 — Interpret abnormalities in cardiac function testing in acute coronary syndromes

PA27.9 — Classify and describe the etiology, types, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of cardiomyopathies

PA27.10 — Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology features and complications of syphilis on the cardiovascular system

PA28.1 — Describe the normal histology of the kidney

PA28.2 — Define, classify and distinguish the clinical syndromes and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical and laboratory and urinary findings, complications of renal failure

PA28.3 — Define and describe the etiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory urinary findings, progression and complications of acute renal failure

PA28.4 — Define and describe the etiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory urinary findings progression and complications of chronic renal failure

PA28.5 — Define and classify glomerular diseases. Enumerate and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanisms of glomerular injury, pathology, distinguishing features and clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis

PA28.6 — Define and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, progression and complications of IgA nephropathy

PA28.7 — Enumerate and describe the findings in glomerular manifestations of systemic disease

PA28.8 — Enumerate and classify diseases affecting the tubular interstitium

PA28.9 — Define and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, progression and complications of acute tubular necrosis

PA28.10 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of acute and chronic pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy

PA28.11 — Define classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of vascular disease of the kidney

PA28.12 — Define classify and describe the genetics, inheritance, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of cystic disease of the kidney

PA28.13 — Define classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of renal stone disease and obstructive uropathy

PA28.14 — Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features, progression and spread of renal tumors

PA28.15 — Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features and progression of thrombotic angiopathies

PA28.16 — Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features and progression of urothelial tumors

PA29.1 — Classify testicular tumors and describe the pathogenesis, pathology, presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of testicular tumors

PA29.2 — Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of carcinoma of the penis

PA29.3 — Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, hormonal dependency presenting and distinguishing features, urologic findings & diagnostic tests of benign prostatic hyperplasia

PA29.4 — Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, hormonal dependency presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of carcinoma of the prostate

PA29.5 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and progression of prostatitis

PA30.1 — Describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, screening, diagnosis and progression of carcinoma of the cervix

PA30.2 — Describe the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and progression and spread of carcinoma of the endometrium

PA30.3 — Describe the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and progression and spread of carcinoma of the leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas

PA30.4 — Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical course, spread and complications of ovarian tumors

PA30.5 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical course, spread and complications of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms

PA30.6 — Describe the etiology and morphologic features of cervicitis

PA30.7 — Describe the etiology, hormonal dependence, features and morphology of endometriosis

PA30.8 — Describe the etiology and morphologic features of adenomyosis

PA30.9 — Describe the etiology, hormonal dependence and morphology of endometrial hyperplasia

PA31.1 — Classify and describe the types, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and hormonal dependency of benign breast disease

PA31.2 — Classify and describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, morphology, prognostic factors, hormonal dependency, staging and spread of carcinoma of the breast

PA31.3 — Describe and identify the morphologic and microscopic features of carcinoma of the breast

PA31.4 — Enumerate and describe the etiology, hormonal dependency and pathogenesis of gynecomastia

PA32.1 — Enumerate, classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and iodine dependency of thyroid swellings

PA32.2 — Describe the etiology, cause, iodine dependency, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and imaging features and course of thyrotoxicosis

PA32.3 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and imaging features and course of thyrotoxicosis/hypothyroidism

PA32.4 — Classify and describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical laboratory features, complications and progression of diabetes mellitus

PA32.5 — Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and morphologic features of hyperparathyroidism

PA32.6 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic features, complications and metastases of pancreatic cancer

PA32.7 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic features, complications of adrenal insufficiency

PA32.8 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic features, complications of Cushing's syndrome

PA32.9 — Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and morphologic features of adrenal neoplasms

PA33.1 — Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications of osteomyelitis

PA33.2 — Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications and metastases of bone tumors

PA33.3 — Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications and metastases of soft tissue tumors

PA33.4 — Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and morphologic features and complications of Paget's disease of the bone

PA33.5 — Classify and describe the etiology, immunology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic and laboratory features, diagnostic criteria and complications of rheumatoid arthritis

PA34.1 — Describe the risk factors pathogenesis, pathology and natural history of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

PA34.2 — Describe the risk factors pathogenesis, pathology and natural history of basal cell carcinoma of the skin

PA34.3 — Describe the distinguishing features between a nevus and melanoma. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors morphology clinical features and metastases of melanoma

PA34.4 — Identify, distinguish and describe common tumors of the skin

PA35.1 — Describe the etiology, types and pathogenesis, differentiating factors, CSF findings in meningitis

PA35.2 — Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presentation sequelae and complications of CNS tumors

PA35.3 — Identify the etiology of meningitis based on given CSF parameters

PA36.1 — Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presentation, sequelae and complications of retinoblastoma